A new concept of Nuclear structure in the light of Dark concepts by adopting the existence of Pre Dattom inside the nucleus of the atom. I, Sri Bhaskar Dutta,M.Sc.,Kolkata-40;( Email id :bhaskardutta1487@gmail.com, Please visit my blog:-bhaskarbhabanidutta.com for details.)

(1). Unique beauty of my proposed nuclear structure could not only explain all the mystery of the particle physics but also it could be able to replace the existence of strong force the nucleus.(2).It could explain the instability/non abundance of elements, like ,Technetium, Prometheum, Astatine etc.(3). I could explain the reason for stability/ instability of the nucleus by proposing Spherical, Spheroidical and Dumbbell shape of the nucleus by excluding strong force and neutron and including presence of Pre Dattom in the nucleus.(4). Providing proper reason for Radio activity, instability and non abundance of rare elements mathematically(5). Theoretically Discovered last Two elements,i.e, 119 MT^296 and 120 SV^298 with half life of 10^8 second. I know that so called scientists could not accept my miraculous Discovery/Invention,not only due to their EGO problem but also because I am a citizen of third world country and not attached with any university, institutes ,etc. Now I want to inform you that I am theoretically successful to designed/discovered pollution free perpetual power generating machines which is applicable for power station,road running vehicles, train ,sea ship,airplane etc.which could be able to run with the aid of free and highly available dark fuel. But due to lack of any assistance from any corner,it is not possible for me to verify the feasibility of my machines. Hence you may donate any nominal amount to my google pay account for the sake of human civilization. You are requested to go through my blog(:- bhaskarbhabanidutta.com) after translating it to your own language by Google translator at the right top bar( … ) of my blog . Unique beuty of my proposed Nuclear structure could be able to clearly explain the actual stability, abundance, radioactivity of the elements. The structure of the nucleus changes from spherical form (from atomic number 6 to 42, which is most stable form) to prolated spheroid form (from atomic number 44 to 60, which is less stable than spherical form) .Then double spherical dumbbell form(from atomic number 62 to 84, which is less stable than spheroid form) to spherical spheroid dumbbell form (from atomic number 86 to 102, which is unstable radioactive form and less abundant in nature). At last double spheroid dumbbell form (from atomic number 103 to 120, which is most unstable radioactive form and least abundant in nature). Accordingly Stability decreases during increase of atomic number.When ever the structure of a nucleus changes from one structural form to the next structural form,(i.e, known as transition of nucleus) it suffer an extreme instability and is less abundant in nature.Here the first transition phase from the spherical structure(of last atomic number 42 to first atomic number 44 of Prolated Spheroid structure) one less abundant unstable transition nucleus of 43-Technetium is observed. Again transition from Prolated Spheroid(of last atomic no.60) to double spherical dumbbell (first atomic number 62), one most unstable transition nucleus of 61-Prometheum is observed which is also non abundant in nature. Again transition from Double Spherical dumbbell(last atomic number 84)to spherical spheroid dumbbell (first atomic no. 86) one less abundant most unstable transition nucleus of 85-Astatin is detected (which is shortly lived radioactive element). Then Spherical prolated Spheroidical dumbbell structure of nucleus are less abundant Unstable Radioactive elements, from atomic number 86 to 102. There after all the elements with Double prolated Spheroidical Dumbbell nuclear structure are observed to be extremely unstable radioactive elements and rarely found in nature of atomic no.103 to 120. It is worthwhile to mention that transition nucleus of atomic number 103 is not mentioned separately as most unstable element because all the elements of this group is already most unstable rarely abundant elements. In all the nucleus of the atoms, predattom must be present at the centre of the nucleus to contribute its further stability and to originate gravitational force of attraction which bind it within the universe. It also provides mass/weight of the atoms. The concept of predattom is introduced by me and the mass of predattom is different for different types of atoms and same for same type of atom. In continuation/pursuance/ consequence of above facts/discovery, I have theoretically discover the last two (still undetected/undiscovered) elements of atomic no.119, 120, which l have given the name of Mother Teressa(MT of atomic no.119).Its probable atomic weight is 296/300 with half life period of 10^-8 Second(approx.) and belongs to periodic group of l(a) of same physical and chemical character of that group. Another element of atomic number of 120, which l designate it as Swami Vivekananda(SV)of probable atomic weight of 298/302 with half life period of 10^-9 Second and belongs to the periodic group of ll(a) with the same physical/chemical character of the same group. The mathematical details for deducing structure of nucleus are given in my blog(bhaskarbhabanidutta.com). Now l want to design the following geometric pattern which could not only overcome/neutralize the strong force of repulsion among protons but also it could act as strong binding ingredients of the nucleus(just like the Dome structure of the mosque which could stabilize/hold it’s weight with out any support against gravity). It could explain/compensate the absence of strong force as binding energy/factor and it is not necessary to imagine/postulate the existence of strong force. However I could be able to explain in detail how the strong force of repulsion changes to strong force of attraction between protons ( for providing the stability of the nucleus) in the following way. All the proton and electron forms the strong neuclear shell (of spherical ,spheroidical and dumbbell structure) with vacant inside and protons and electrons remain at the surface of the neuclear shell.Protons are so symmetrically arranged to form hexagonal( like honey bee/benzene ring pattern) and square pattern, within which cage, electron are permanent trapped inside(like Penning Trap) and also it act as adhesive glue among protons. Due to entropic reason all the positive charges of protons hybridised to equally distributed on the outer surface of the nucleus making/ resulting inner side of nucleus perfectly charge neutral (just like charged hollow sphere of statical electricity) where charge always lies on the outer surface of the sphere only. The resultant repulsion force acting on each proton being balanced by the surrounding protons both in case of hexagonal and square cage structure as shown in the picture(Fig.2a and 2b). Here resultant repulsive force suffered by each proton for both hexagonal and square pattern is limited zero because absolute zero repulsive force is not possible due to geodesic curvature of the surface of the nucleus. Again equal and opposite force of repulsion acting on each proton show that resultant force of repulsion acting on each proton produces and provided stability both in case of square and hexagonal cages, where electrons being trapped within the cage structure at the inner side of the nucleus(like penning trap), by the virtue of which inner side of nuclear shell is perfectly charged neutral and total positive charge are distributed outer side of the nuclear shell by protons hybridization. It is mentionable that all the handles of the dumbbell shape nucleus are made up of more stable square cage structure which contains one proton and one electron only. It is evident from the fact that during fission of heavy atoms neutron(which contains one electron and one proton) . Again the product of the fission reaction indicate the exact nuclear structure of the mother nucleus. Nucleus is a synonymous type of design/concept which provide the structural support like a heavyweight dome type rooftop of the mosque which could be able to stay/stick without any internal column support against gravitational force of attraction to resist free fall on the ground. Again electrons act as strong adhesive when it is permanently trapped within hexagonal/square shape cages of protons which is quasi similiar with Penning trap of the nucleus. The said structure is so naturally designed that the resultant force of repulsion on each proton being neutralize by resultant equal and opposite force of repulsion exerted by surrounding proton.Combination of several hexagonal/ square shape cages forms prolated spherical/ spheroidal/ dumbbell shaped nuclear shell. It is worthwhile to mention that due to loss of huge energy during formation of heavier nucleus by addition of protons/neutrons provide it additional stability because intrinsic energy or latent energy( like transational, vibrational, rotational energy of the neuclear particles) being released from the said particles (during creation of the nucleus). Or in other words proton and neutron lost their three degrees of freedom(ceased them to move). This is just like the latent heat of water which is solidify after losing it. Here inner side of the nucleus is not only perfectly charge neutral but also it is vacant excepting presence of Pre Dattom which provides additional stability of the nucleus by way of gravitational attraction(i.e,dark energy/neutrino/graviton showered/generated due to interaction of proton and electron). Now l am going to analyse and explain the basic structure of nucleus. Four proton square cage is more stable than six proton honey bee/benzene structure than three proton equilateral triangle shape structure. Nos of square, hexagon or triangle present in a nucleus(spherical, spheroidal or dumbbell shaped nucleus) depends upon the no of protons, neutrons or more precisely ratio of protons and electrons present in the nucleus. Two protons and one electron (or one proton and one neutron)produces hexagonal cage structure and one proton and one electron produces more stable square cage structure. The fission products of atom tell us the exact structure of the nucleus.started from carbon and their minimum binding energies are 7.5Mev and above. And it reaches maximum of 8.7Mev in case of Iron.Most stable Spherical structure started from atomic no. 6 to 42 with single dot predattom at the centre. Stable Spheroidal structure (Fig.4b) started from 44 to 60 with single predattom rod from focus to focus. Moderate stable Double spherical dumbbell structure (Fig.4c)started from atomic number of 62 to 84(42+42=84) with predattom rod connecting two centres. Unstable spherical spheroidal dumbell structure(Fig.4d) started from atomic number 86 to 102( 42+60=102) with two predattom rods connecting two lobes together and last most unstable double spheroidal dumbell structure (Fig.4e)started from atomic number 103 to 120( 60+60). Typical three predattom rods structure of double spheroidal dumbel shown separately in Fig.( 4f) for convenience of the readers. Predicted Last two members of periodic table is not yet detected/ discovered. I want to give them, in the name of cristian profet Mother Teresa (119 MT^296; with predicted half life of 10^-6 second and it belongs to group (la) of the periodic table with alkaline metal characteristics of the representative elements) and Swami Vivekananda ( 120 SV ^298with predicted half life of 10^-8 second and belongs to chalconite group (lla) of the periodic table. It is a representative elements with alkaline metal characteristics). The chemical and physical characteristics of the said two elements could not be ascertained due to it’s non abundance in nature and very short life span.It is noticeable that 43Tc.^99, 61Pm^143 and 85At^211 are missing from the said list because these are the structurally transition phase elements from one structural form to another structural form.Transition phase elements (denoted as Trans elements) from one structural form to next structural form, generates acute structural instability, making it rarely available in nature.But in case of 103 Lr.^266 is relatively more stable than its predecessor 102 No^253 because 13 no of excess neutrons(with respect to nobelium) is present in Laurentium and this make it more stable due to lesser charge density on the surface of the nucleus and also more neutron addition provide most stable neutral square cage structure. Although characteristics of the Trans elements is not available for last series from Nobelium because all the elements of this series are mainly extremely unstable elements due to structural reason. However to match the space requirements with respect to space available on the nuclear surface, it is more convenient to proceed in the following way. Now we could calculate the area of cross section(of circular plate) of both proton and electron by considering the accepted value of their respective radius. Here area of cross section ( circular plate of spherical electrons and protons,i.e,πr^2) of proton is 2.41×10^-34 sq.cm and area of cross section of electron started from maximum value of 24.6×10^-34 sq.cm.(for free electron)to minimum optimum value of 3.22×10^-34sq.cm.(for minimum optimum value of the radius of electron under permanently trapped condition, is considered arbitrarily as 1.01fm) in case of trapped electron in the nucleus. Now using/Considering x = 10^-34sq.cm. for convenience. Conventionally the radius of nucleus R could be calculated from the following formula R= r × A^1/3, where A is atomic mass and r is 1.25fm. From this radius R we could calculate the surface area of the nucleus ( i.e, 4πR^2). Accommodable cross section area of electron in 8 Oxygen^16 could be calculated as 10.75x. Now nucleur radius of oxygen, R=1.25×2.52×10^17=3.15cm.; Surface area( SA) of nuclear sphere of oxygen= 4×π×{3.15×10^-13)^2=124.6x, where x= 10^-34; cross section area of protons and electrons in oxygen is,16×2.41+8×10.75=124.6x,(matched with the neuclear SA, surface area 124.6x) where 8p and 8n or, 16p and 8e is considered present in Oxygen nucleus.Similarly cross section area (CSA) of electron in Carbon is 12.41x( R=1.25×2.3=2.87×10^-17 cm. SA= 4×3.14×(2.87)^2x =103.4x; CSA=12×2.41+6×12.41=103.4x). Similarly cross section area of electron in Aluminium is 7.96x, Argon is 6.07x,  Zinc is 4.7 respectively. In case of 42Mo^98;(R=1.25×4.61=5.76×10^-17 cm;SA=4π×(5.76^2) x=415.6 x; CSA=98×2.41+56×3.22= 415.38 x, which is accommodable in 415.6 x), where CSA value of electron reaches the minimum optimum value of 3.22x. However available Surface area of nucleus of 43Tc^99 is 418.1x( R=1.25×4.62=5.77; SA= 4×π×(5.77)^2=418.1) and required surface area or actual CSA value of 99proton and 56 electron is 418.9x(99×2.41+56×3.22= 418.9) , which is greater than the available surface area 418.1x which is calculated from it’s value of the respective radius of the neucleus. This is the reason why the Technetium 99 is not available in nature. But Technetium 97 is detectable during nuclear reaction in Cyclotron chamber. Most unstable Tc97 is rarely available in nature due to lesser square cage structure and higher charge density on the surface of the neucleus which create structural stress/strain.This is actually a transitional phase from spherical structure to prolated spheroidal structure for providing appropriate space of proton and electron present in the nucleus.Every transitional phase generate at least one most unstable elements, like, Technetium(transition from spherical to spheroidical structure); Promethium (transition phase from spheroidal phase to double sphere dumbell phase); Astatine ( transition phase from double sphere dumbell phase to spheroidal spherical dumbbell phase);.102 Nobelium^253 and 103 Laurentium^266 with half life of 58minits and 11hours respectively(transition phase from spheroidal spherical dumbbell phase to double spheroidal dumbell phase). Now I am going to calculate the surface area of prolated spheroid by using the following equation. Nuclear surface area of prolated spheroid, (SA)=2πa^2(1+C/ae Sin^-1e); where C is major axis, a is minor axis and exponential e^2=1- a^2/C^2;. Here a is calculated by already accepted formula of radius R(R=1.25×A^-1/3)of the neucleus; Now, a=R=1.25×(A)^1/3×10^-17 cm; where A is atomic mass. And major axis C is arbitrarily chosen/consider/accepted as (a+y), where y varies from (0.04 to 1.25)×10^-17cm. Again 10^-34 sq.cm already consider/written as x for convenience. Now Surface area of 44Rd^102 is (R=1.25×(102)^1/3=5.86×10^-17 cm.= a; C= .a+04=5.90; e^2=1- a^2/C^2=0.0135; e=0.116; C/ae=5.9/5.86×0.116=8.68; 1+ 8.68×Sin^-1 e=1+ π×6.7°×8.68/180=2.015; Hence SA =2π a^2(1+C/ae Sin^-1 e)=2×22/7×(5.86)^2×2.015×x =435x; Now, CSA of protons and electrons of Rd.=102×2.41x.+58×3.22x=433x.Hence total cross section area 433x of 102 proton and 58 electron could easily be accommodable with in available surface area of 435x of Rd. Similarly surface area of 50Sn^120 ( SA=515.3 x) is matched with it’s cross section area(CSA=514.6 x). But in case of 60Nd^142 the surface area calculated from the said equation as SA=606.70 x and cross section area is found to be CA=606.26 x, which is marginally accommodable on nuclear surface area of Nd..But in case of 61Pm^143(R=1.25×5.23=6.537×10^-17 cm.=a; C=a+1.25=7.787×10^-17 cm.; e^2=1- a^2/C^2=0.16; e=0.4; Sin^-1 e=π×24/180; and Surface area of prolated spheroid ; SA=2π× a^2(1+C/ae ×Sin^-1e)=603.8 x; Again cross section area of protons and electrons of Promethium is,CSA= 143×2.41+82×3.22 =608.67 x, which is much more than the available surface area 603.8x of the said nucleas.As a result this transitional phase element is not available in nature and traceable in nuclear reactor. There after the prolated spheroid tapped/bent inside at the central area and deform itself to a dumbell shape for providing more surface area to accommodate more number of protons and electrons on the nuclear shell and it becomes dumbell pattern shape with double spherical structure at both the end. As spherical structure is the most stable structure, hence double spherical also provide moderate stable neuclear structure and started from 62 Somaritan152(62Sm^152) to 84Lead208(atomic number up to 42+ 42=84 ,i.e, Lead(Pb)is the last stable non radioactive elements) atoms is the last stable element in last stable series in nature, for which all the unstable radioactive elements always try to attain the stable neuclear structure of lead by way of series of radioactive decay chain. Here it is to be mention that handle of all the dumbell shape neucleus made up of neutron only because it provides most stable neutral square cage structure which is necessary to hold two spherical lobes bind together and rod type predattom present inside the spheroid must extend in both the lobes through handle as shown in pictures. Again atomic number 85(Astatin,85 At^210) is most unstable transition phase element,(Trans element)’rarely available in nature and traceable only in nuclear reactor chamber. However from atomic number 86 to 102(42+60), one end of the dumbbell occupied by unstable spheroid structure( of atomic number 44 to 60) and another end occupied by stable spherical shape structure (of atomic number less than 42), which indicate that these elements are quasi stable radioactive elements. It is a matter of fact that 37 no of elements belongs to most stable spherical structure and 24 elements belongs to stable double sphere dumbbell structure. And only 18 nos of elements belongs to qusistable spherical spspheroidical structure. Most unstable 18 nos of elements are double spheroidal dumbell structure which is not only radioactive but also spontaneously disintegrated to stable atoms Lead and Bismuth. This fact clearly support the stability sequence of the neucleus. These most unstable transition phase elements, namely, Technetium, Promethium, Astatine,Nobelium and Laurentium may be termed as Trans elements due to their extreme instability develops due to change of their neuclear structure. Unstable spherical spheroidical dumbell elements undergo fission reaction by neutron bombardment and fissioned nucleus always breakdown at the handle producing atom of one spherical nucleus and another is spheroidical in structure along with several nos of neutrons,photons, dotton and neutrinos. Fission products give us some concrete supporting evidence for the dumbbell shape structure of the nucleus, because fission products give us two types of daughter elements, one of atomic number below 42 and another is 44 to 60,which is perfectly matched with my proposed nuclear model. Similarly if we break the double spheroidal dumbell atoms by fission reaction, again we could have two daughter elements of atomic nos from 44 to 60 with spheroidal neuclear structure, which also support my new neuclear model. Radio elements undergo spontaneouss radioactive radiation/decay to attain most stable last two nonradioactive stable elements,i.e, lead and Bismuth. Secondly during nuclear fission reaction nucleus breaks at the handle of the dumbell, which is generally made up of square cage neutral neutron (made of one proton and one electron) structure(from which neutron could easily released during nuclear fission) for providing dumbelll shape nucleus a stable structure. Thirdly quasi stable Predattom rod which is present inside the nucleus released considerable no of neutrinos after breaking of the handle of the dumbbell along with enormous amount of both white and dark energy. After atomic number 103 and above, the dumbbell shape nucleus are made of two unstable spheroidical structure nucleus which indicate extreme instability of the nucleus. It is a matter of fact that these elements are not abundant in nature and are generally traceable in Cyclotron/nucleur reactor chamber. These are radioactive elements with spontaneous radioactive decay with half life of few hours to less than a second. These elements are not available in nature( and traceable in nuclear reactor chamber) due to its predominant unstable structure. The last two elements of this series is still undetected and their nature/character hàve already been mentioned above. This predicted elements are dedicated to the name of two great Saints Mother Theresa(MT) and Swami Vivekananda(SV)


Leave a comment